Duchy of Luxembourg

Duchy of Luxembourg Herzogtum Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish) Herzogtum Luxemburg (German) Duché de Luxembourg (French) Hertogdom Luxemburg (Dutch) Ducatus Luxemburgensis (Latin)
1353–1443/1797
Flag Coat of arms
Luxembourg within the Low Countries, 1350
Status	State of the Holy Roman Empire Part of the Burgundian Netherlands (1443–1482) Part of the Habsburg Netherlands (1482–1581) Part of the Spanish Netherlands (1581–1714) Part of the Austrian Netherlands (1714–1795)
Capital	Luxembourg
Common languages	Luxembourgish German French
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Government	Feudal Duchy
Duke of Luxemburg
• 1353–1383	Wenceslaus I (first)
• 1415–1419	Elizabeth of Görlitz
• 1419–1425	John the Fearless
• 1425–1443	Elizabeth of Gorlitz (last)
• 1439–1482	William III of Saxony (claimant)
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Obtained by Sigfried	963
• Acquired by Luxembourg dynasty	1059
• Raised to county	1214
• Raised to duchy by the Emperor	1354
• Held by the Dukes of Burgundy	1443
• To Habsburg	1482
• Occupied by France	1797
ISO 3166 code	LU
Preceded by Succeeded by County of Luxembourg Vianden French First Republic Burgundian Netherlands

History of the Low Countries
Frisii			Belgae
	Cana– nefates	Chamavi, Tubantes		Gallia Belgica (55 BC–c. 5th AD) Germania Inferior (83–c. 5th)
		Salian Franks		Batavi
unpopulated (4th–c. 5th)		Saxons	Salian Franks (4th–c. 5th)
Frisian Kingdom (c. 6th–734)			Frankish Kingdom (481–843)—Carolingian Empire (800–843)
		Austrasia (511–687)
Middle Francia (843–855)					West Francia (843–)
Kingdom of Lotharingia (855– 959) Duchy of Lower Lorraine (959–)
Frisia
Frisian Freedom (11–16th century)	County of Holland (880–1432)	Bishopric of Utrecht (695–1456)	Duchy of Brabant (1183–1430) Duchy of Guelders (1046–1543)		County of Flanders (862–1384)	County of Hainaut (1071–1432) County of Namur (981–1421)	P.-Bish. of Liège (980–1794)	Duchy of Luxem- bourg (1059–1443)
	Burgundian Netherlands (1384–1482)
	Habsburg Netherlands (1482–1795) (Seventeen Provinces after 1543)
Dutch Republic (1581–1795)				Spanish Netherlands (1556–1714)
				Austrian Netherlands (1714–1795)
				United States of Belgium (1790)			R. Liège (1789–'91)
Batavian Republic (1795–1806) Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)				associated with French First Republic (1795–1804) part of First French Empire (1804–1815)
Princip. of the Netherlands (1813–1815)
Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830)								Gr D. L. (1815–)
Kingdom of the Netherlands (1839–)				Kingdom of Belgium (1830–)
								Gr D. of Luxem- bourg (1890–)

The Duchy of Luxembourg (Dutch: Luxemburg; French: Luxembourg; German: Luxemburg; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg. The House of Luxembourg became one of the most important political forces in the 14th century, competing against the House of Habsburg for supremacy in Central Europe. They would be the heirs to the Přemyslid dynasty in the Kingdom of Bohemia, succeeding to the Kingdom of Hungary and contributing four Holy Roman Emperors until their own line of male heirs came to an end and the House of Habsburg received the territories that the two Houses had originally agreed upon in the Treaty of Brünn in 1364.

In 1443, the duchy passed to Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy of the French House of Valois, and, in 1477, by marriage to Archduke Maximilian I of Austria of the House of Habsburg. The Seventeen Provinces of the former Burgundian Netherlands were formed into an integral union by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549. In 1795, French revolutionaries ended this situation.